The Cognitive Neoassociation Theory Of Aggression - 871 Words

The cognitive-neoassociation theory of aggression, otherwise known as the negative affect theory, was proposed by the American social psychologist Leonard Berkowitz. The theory suggests that certain experiences, or affects, can contribute toward the onset of aggressive feelings or behaviour. These affects can range from weather conditions (e.g. high temperatures) to unpleasant external stimuli (e.g. odours and sounds). Concurrently, the theory advocates that merely observing different types of aggressive behaviour can prompt aggression within the viewer. Given these points, an intriguing question comes to mind: might the implications of this theory be that repetitive exposure to catalysts of aggression increases a person’s inclination to be confrontational? Initially, the concept of our aggression being easily impressionable by seemingly miniscule factors like the weather seems far-fetched. However, numerous studies have found that there is a significant correlation between in creasing temperatures and violent acts (cite textbook - hot temperatures section). As noted in the textbook, a study conducted by the American psychologist Craig A. Anderson and his colleagues found that across fifty cities, high summer temperatures were associated with a multitude of diverse crimes (cite). Furthermore, labratory experiments yielded the same results: individuals in rooms with higher temperatures were more aggressive toward confederates than individuals in rooms with coolerShow MoreRelatedHow Children Acquire Aggressive Reponses649 Words   |  3 PagesChildhood Aggression Many studies found frustration, various drugs, beliefs, traits and provocation are some influences that effect childhood aggression. Archer (1991) concentrated on biological influence such as norepinephrine, serotonin, cortisol and testosterone. This brief will focus on several theories that elevate aggression and can be positively modified by family and environment. Aggression was defined by Volavka Citrome (1999) as, a physical behaviour that causes psychological or physicalRead MoreExplain The Biological And Social Factors Of Human Aggression1079 Words   |  5 PagesHuman Aggression A Brief Overview of Human Aggression Human aggression is different for everyone. Some are slow to wrath, but others have a fiery temper. Does this aggressive nature come from our genes or are we molded by our surroundings? To answer this question, we must understand what classifies as â€Å"aggression.† Aggression is defined as an action that involves the show of dominance of another person or group that comes in both verbal and physical forms (Hermann, 2017). During may aggression experimentsRead MoreThe Theories Of Aggression And Sport1884 Words   |  8 PagesDiscuss the different ways in which theories of aggression relate to sport â€Å"Serious sport has nothing to do with fair play. It is bound up with hatred, jealousy, boastfulness, disregard of all rules, and sadistic pleasure in witnessing violence: in other words, it is war without the shooting.† George Orwell (1948/1968). The sporting spirit. Collected essays, journalism and letters of George Orwell, vol. 4. London: Secker and Warburg. INTRODUCTION Human aggression means different things to differentRead MoreAn Explanation Of An Instinct Theory1547 Words   |  7 PagesAggression is defined as the intention to cause physical or psychological harm to oneself, an object, or another, in a form that is not socially sanctioned. Aggression can be further subdivided into types of aggression, for example Predatory Aggression- hunting-, Social Aggression- stalking-, and Defensive Aggression- defence of personal practice. Over time it has been established that there are two umbrella classifications in terms of theories of aggression; Instinct Theories, and Bio-Social TheoriesRead MoreLiterature Review On Media Violence1461 Words   |  6 Pages2007). Social cognitive theory, operant learning and priming Social learning, operant and general aggression model (GAM) theories inform a range of studies with positive correlations linking learnt violence via observation and reward. The Bobo doll study found that children were more likely to imitate violent behaviour they witnessed in a film if they perceived the behaviour would generate positive outcomes (Bandura, Ross, Ross, 1963). Later findings across three decades of cognitive research onRead MoreVideo Game Violence And Violent Video Games2382 Words   |  10 Pagesexposed to violent media tend to become more aggressive immediately after exposure, and become more aggressive adults (Carnagey et. al., 2007; e.g., Anderson et al., 2003). However certain studies suggest that the use of violent video games may reduce aggression (Colwell and Kato 2003; Shibuya et al. 2008; Ferguson, 2011). It became apparent across reading the literature among many video game violence studies that for every negative thing stated about video game violence you could potentially find an

A Brief Note On The Affordable Care Act - 1667 Words

An Analysis of the Affordable Care Act Through a Health Equity Lens Rabeeha Ghaffar Creighton University An Analysis of the Affordable Care Act through a Health Equity Lens Because the principle of fair opportunity should apply to everyone, then we must not only improve the health of the population but reduce health inequalities, as well. The Affordable Care Act (ACA) provides us with the opportunity to advance health equity and social justice through expansion of Medicaid, establishment of state health exchanges and changes to private insurance to increase access. However, this opportunity has not been fully realized since the inception of the ACA because it was not implemented as a federal mandate, but rather allowed†¦show more content†¦There are considerable differences both in health and in the resources needed to ensure equal opportunity to all with regards to health care (Powers Faden, p. 36) and vulnerable populations often have decreased access to quality health care. The Affordable Care Act (ACA) provides us with the opportunity to advance health equity and social justice by affording equal access to health care for every American th rough market reforms, new health care insurance exchanges and Medicaid expansion for low-income adults. However, this opportunity has not been fully realized since the inception of the ACA by leaving Medicaid expansion up to individual states. Other weaknesses result from the fact that provisions of the ACA has not often achieved the intended effects The first strength of the ACA is in its ability to advance health care through market reforms. Market reforms included in the ACA are decreased variance in health plan premiums regardless of health status or gender; access to parents’ health coverage for young adults until the age of 26; bans on lifetime limits on coverage, rescinding coverage and preexisting condition exclusions; coverage of a minimum set of essential preventative benefits; and a requirement that insurance companies spend at least 80% of premiums on medical costs (Kaiser Family Foundation and Alliance for Health Care Reform, 2012). In theory, this should increase the

Internet Searching - 2502 Words

INTERNET SEARCHING AUGUST 2012 Preface Online search / internet searching has become an essential for students and scholars. What typically took place in libraries, by phone calls or visits to experts in the field is being changed because of the Internet. Experts can sometimes be contacted by email and information, whether it is addresses, phone numbers, or detailed specifics on a certain subject, can be accessed on the World Wide Web. Search Engines have become the most important tools in locating this information, so it is important to know how to use them effectively. Search skills can be developed through practice in using the search engines and by reading the help pages provided by the†¦show more content†¦The appeal of the Internet to these bodies was obvious, as it allowed disparate institutions to connect to each others computing systems and databases, as well as share data via E-mail. The nature of the Internet changed abruptly in 1992, when the U.S. government began pulling out of network management, an d commercial entities offered Internet access to the general public for the first time. This change in focus marked the beginning of the Internets astonishing expansion. In addition to text documents, the Internet makes available graphics files (digitized photographs and artwork), and even files that contain digitized sound and video. Through the Internet, you can download software, participate in interactive forums where users post and respond to public messages, and even join chats, in which you and other users type (and, in some cases, speak) messages that are received by the chat participants instantly. Obviously, the Internet can bring you a whole host of capabilities. But how can they be put to practical use? Among the ways that users take advantage of the Internet are: †¢ Sharing research and business data among colleagues and like-minded individuals. †¢ Communicating with others and transmitting files via E-mail. †¢ Requesting and providing assistance with pro blems and questions. †¢ Marketing and publicizing products and services. †¢ Gathering valuable feedback and suggestions from customers and businessShow MoreRelatedThe, An Eye Opening Book By Nicholas Carr1125 Words   |  5 Pagesled to the invention of an efficient, revolutionary organization of knowledge: the search engine. For example, Google provides an online outlet to a seemingly infinite amount of information for internet users worldwide. Google is widely known as a necessity for everyday life: an incredible tool for searching the vast expansions of the world-wide web. Carr, frightened by the technological change that Google brings, describes how we are perpetually stuck between two modes of thinking. The online organizationRead MoreFinding Research Related To Emerging Topics Related To1005 Words   |  5 Pagesexpressions. In drop-down menus, add as many words or phrases to increase the search result. A database search with specific word phrases keywords, and other predefined limiters can be added such as a time frame is essential to current articles. Searching the Capella University Library databases requires a thorough understanding of researching and capturing articles of specific interest. Utilizing the library resources must be considered and explored extensively. In conducting searches draw downRead MoreEbsco Describes Itself As ‘The Leading Discovery Service1041 Words   |  5 Pagesalways accurately define the article’s location. (EBSCO Host, 2016) One of the advantages of this platform is its thesaurus and predictive search terms which allow you to search at ease. Other databases for example Passport are only capable of searching an exact phrase in an exact term. EBSCO Host manages to predict your search, or similar searches which helps those who may lack confidence. EBSCO states that its ‘neutral relevance ranking strategy uses numerous criteria, including term frequencyRead MoreGooglization4259 Words   |  18 Pagesare many kinds of information retrieval tools existing in the internet for Librarian and patron usage which allows access to thousands of documents in the internet. The internet is composed of numerous computer networks worldwide and has become a powerful tool for information storage, retrieval and dissemination. Locating specific information from such a huge network may require numerous search techniques, time and patience when searching for a subject in the web even if the information is just a clickRead MoreAn Evaluation of Library Databases and Resources for Use in Research828 Words   |  4 Pagescom/lib DATABASE: (NCU Library) - Ebrary KEYWORDS: Educational Technology, Internet in Education, E-Learning SEARCH LIMITERS: Education SKILLS IN THIS DATABSE: This is the first time searching using this database. I encountered many problems, even though I did view the NCU library tutorial. With perseverance I was finally able to navigate through the database. I need much more experience with library searching in all aspects. I just need to be patient and spend more time in the libraryRead MoreNavigating The Csu Global Library1449 Words   |  6 PagesEBSCO was also chosen due to the focus on business related articles. Comparing these databases on a business-related topic will prove which one has the best outcome. Searching, navigating, narrowing the scope and using the article tools are all important parts to identifying the right research. Badke (2014) states in reference to searching databases that â€Å"if you want results that reflect what you are seeking in your research question, then use such terminology that comes out of your research question†Read MoreSearch Techniques Used By Google Scholar 1966 Words   |  8 Pages When searching the above four databases the search techniques I used were: After selecting a topic the next step is to identify, in a structured way, the appropriate and related information. A systematic approach is most likely to generate a beneficial review. Searches for literature reviews are attempted most ordinarily utilizing PCs and electronic databases. PC databases offer access to immense amounts of data, which can be recovered more effortlesslyRead MoreMissing Persons Essay2244 Words   |  9 Pagesrationally and not have a clear objective, therefore wander about pointlessly. Searching has strict guidelines that the police must obey to legally secure and preserve evidence. The police have to obtain consent from the owner before searching the premises and if the consent is withdrawn before the searching officers have finished their search, then the search is no longer legal and they cannot carry on searching. Section 23 of the PACE Act 1984, states what can be searched i.e. any vehicle etcRead MoreHow A Text And Then Searching The Internet For Websites, Videos, And Images1124 Words   |  5 Pages Introduction and Objective We learned about how reading a text and then searching the Internet for websites, videos, and images can help in understanding the topic better. It can also help in making a decision about whether you are more inclined to believe an argument when the original text you read was a persuasive text. With more information, you can make better choices, but remember that not everything on the Internet is trustworthy and true! Today s lesson objective is: Students will beRead MoreThe Impact Of Internet On Public Opinion On Society1217 Words   |  5 PagesToday, the Internet is where society can find any type information, including the news worldwide. Companies, advertisers and online systems have personalized Internet experiences to draw in users. In other words, users are forced to read certain topics based on their search history and are recommended more of the same topics. This causes a large impact on public opinion in society, but the ability to find diverse content is more of an issue. The challenges to overcome diversity include, the user

HR practices in the Woolworths Group-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the HR practices in the Woolworths group. Answer: Introduction: Engagement is the concept which is used in the context of the drive which the employees experience with regard to their work. Engagement is the level to which the employees are passionate regarding their vocation and the level to which they devote themselves to it. Engaged employees go the extra mile to give towards the success of their establishment. Engagement means that the employees work with excitement and are capable of expressing themselves in a physical, emotional and cognitive manner. Therefore it is necessary for the organisations to ensure that the employees are taken care of and valued and they are given opportunities and facilities which will help them stay loyal towards their establishment for a long time frame. Importance of the concept of employee engagement and its presence in organisations: Engagement is a crucial HR variable for a majority of organisations. It facilitates the organisation in delivering a superior performance and also in gaining a competitive advantage. Engaged employees make additional efforts, learn and know more and faster and are much more creative. In addition to this they are the organisational ambassadors. Employee engagement is one of the best predictor of customer satisfaction, personnel retention, productivity as well as profitability. Engagement levels in an organisation are responsible for taking employees to the next level of allegiance towards their company (Saks and Gruman 2014). However it needs to be understood that the notion of employee engagement can be challenging. This is because plans for keeping employees engaged and happy can often backfire. This needs to be ensured while preparing a strategic plan for employee engagement (Kompaso and Sridevi 2010). Overview of Woolworths: Woolworths is the largest supermarket chain of Australia. It operates in more than 995 stores in all of Australia. Woolworths is dependent on their team members which exceed 115000 comprising those in the stores, distribution centres and support offices (Mialon et al. 2016). These members are responsible for providing customers with greater service, range, value and expediency. Woolworths prides itself on having worked with Australian growers and farmers. This has been done to ensure that top products are always accessible to all the customers. Above 95% of fresh fruits and vegetables and 100% of fresh meat are sourced from Australian farmers and growers. This is responsible for making Woolworths as the most popular and dependable supermarket chain (Price, Bailey and Pyman 2014). Being one of the most innovative retailers of Australia it is clearly understood by Woolworths that the consumers are looking for newer and simpler ways in which they can shop. Consumers can shop from the reassurance of their computers at residence or on their way to vocation in any sort of public transport of their choice. The supermarket app of Woolworths makes it possible. The groceries are delivered to the kitchen bench at a go. HR Strategy of the organisation: Woolworths is one of the most renowned human resource organisations in Australia. The organisation has a dedicated human resource department, with the help of a few important as well as significant approaches to human resources. Developing and recruiting talent, matching staffing with the requirements of business, retaining and training as well as downsizing have been the key approaches to human resources which have been adopted by the organisation (Dos Santos, Svensson and Padin 2013). Evaluation of the HR practices existent within Woolworths: On a deeper understanding and study of the human resource practices which have been adopted and implemented by the organisation it can be said that there are certain places where it falls short in the implementation of the changes and strategies. There are certain functions which have not been undertaken by the human resource team of the organisation. The cyclical procedure which involves the long term flexibility and changes in the Human resource department is not undertaken by Woolworths. There are certain HR functions which are outsourced by the company and the procedures such as recruitment or payroll administration are possible to be executed with the help of an external supplier (Arli et al. 2013). In case of Woolworths limited the Human resource functions are operated at the strategic and functional level. The practitioners are involved with activities of planning and implementation. The company follows both the trait theory and the contingency theory for their human resource management. The trait theory has its disadvantages in the sense that the physical characteristics of the leader are taken into consideration. The contingency theory can be considered to be most appropriate in this particular regard as this theory helps in exercising control over the employees by all possible actions. Current state of employee engagement: Woolworths tries to make sure that they recruit the right kind of people. Woolworths also tries to improve as well as assess the ability of the line managers in managing their employees. It is also seen that the organisation gives importance to the collection of constant feedback from the employees so that they are able to manage their own career and career growth. The most important point to be noted in this regard is that the company always gives preference to the talent of the employees. This particular retail organisation always drives proactively the talent mobility among the employees of Woolworths and therefore their productivity can be enhanced by the increase of the motivational level of the employees (Dos Santos, Svensson and Padin 2014). Plan for the initiatives to be taken: After properly analysing the on the whole human resource management oriented factors of Woolworths limited, a initial project plan is given by the HR management team of the organisation in order to ensure that the prevalent strategic dealing conditions of the organisation is modified. There needs to be a proper analysis of all the factors to ensure the changes which are thought of can be implemented properly. Overall it can be said that the rate of employee disengagement has been found to be less for this particular organisation. It is seen that the organisation is facing challenges from the human resources perspective and the cost of the redundancies is a huge issue which might be a problem in the particular situation. One of the most crucial issues for the HR is to keep managing the staff morale and minimize the atmosphere of fear and uncertainty that rises when the job refuge of the employees is threatened. It is desirable that HR department plays a key role in the reduction of the uncertainty including the minimisation of the number of staff cuts and also keeping their staff members informed of their potential to obtain a continuing role in the business with a buyer or other redistribution options. Engaged employees are bound to invest extra time towards the betterment of their organisation and achievement of organisational objectives, to contribute to the ultimate business success. In addition to being more stimulated steadfast and dependable the engaged workers are typically better performers and produce superior results for both the customer as well as the corporation (Albrech 2011). The first and most important part of the plan can be ensuring that the organisation has an inspiring leadership plan. Competent passionate and hands-o leaders are crucial to the phenomenon of employee engagement. Enquiring about the daily status of their work and showing them how the workplace situation can be improved by meetings and interesting discussions is the key towards keeping them engaged (Wang and Hsieh 2013). Another way to ensure the engagement of employees is to provide opportunities for their growth. No employee under any situation should feel left out or underutilized. There can be frequent discussions with the employees regarding their career plans and also the best possible utilization of their strengths and energies (Anitha 2014). There should be meaningful work for all employees at all stages of their work life. There also need to be rewards and recognition for their better performance. The celebrations can be small but need to be meaningful in order to leave a lasting impression on the minds of the employees. The people need to considered the centre of importance in the organisation. Initiatives which help employees to balance their life and work easily need to be given importance in the organisation. Employees need to be encouraged to engage in hard work and balance it with socializing and fun activities (Alfes et al. 2013). Conclusion: It has always been the long standing aim of the Woolworths group to give importance to their customers with regard to their products and services which they provide. It is time therefore for the company, to give crucial importance to its employees as employees are the backbone of any organisation. Therefore for a huge and immensely famous supermarket chain like Woolworths, the importance of employees should not be undermined in any way whatsoever. As employees have the power and the capability to make the organisation reach huge heights. References: Alfes, K., Shantz, A.D., Truss, C. and Soane, E.C., 2013. The link between perceived human resource management practices, engagement and employee behaviour: a moderated mediation model.The international journal of human resource management,24(2), pp.330-351. Andrew, O.C. and Sofian, S., 2012. Individual factors and work outcomes of employee engagement.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,40, pp.498-508. Anitha, J., 2014. Determinants of employee engagement and their impact on employee performance.International journal of productivity and performance management,63(3), p.308. AO Dos Santos, M., Svensson, G. and Padin, C., 2014. A fivefold bottom line approach of implementing and reporting corporate efforts in sustainable business practices. Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal,25(4), pp.421-430. Arli, V., Dylke, S., Burgess, R., Campus, R. and Soldo, E., 2013. Woolworths Australia and Walmart US: Best practices in supply chain collaboration.Journal of Economics, Business Accountancy Ventura,16(1). Dos Santos, M.A., Svensson, G. and Padin, C., 2013. Indicators of sustainable business practices: Woolworths in South Africa.Supply Chain Management: An International Journal,18(1), pp.104-108. Kompaso, S.M. and Sridevi, M.S., 2010. Employee engagement: The key to improving performance.International journal of business and management,5(12), p.89. Mialon, M., Swinburn, B., Allender, S. and Sacks, G., 2016. Systematic examination of publicly-available information reveals the diverse and extensive corporate political activity of the food industry in Australia.BMC public health,16(1), p.283. Price, R., Bailey, J. and Pyman, A., 2014. Varieties of collaboration: the case of an Australian retail union.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,25(6), pp.748-761. Saks, A.M. and Gruman, J.A., 2014. What do we really know about employee engagement?.Human Resource Development Quarterly,25(2), pp.155-182. Wang, D.S. and Hsieh, C.C., 2013. The effect of authentic leadership on employee trust and employee engagement.Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal,41(4), pp.613-624.

Observational Essay free essay sample

Its Monday a rainy evening, I am sitting in the library waiting for my friend to come, so we could study for our sociology test. The library is humongous; it reminds me of my high school library. This place is silent. In the kids section I hear a little boy crying for a book he wants to read but his mom will not let him read, a baby babbling, and the mother trying to make him quiet. There are two dark skinned boys playing marble drop with their mom’s. There are two cute little girls coloring. There is tall teen looking girl reading stories to kids. There does not seem to be many kids in this section. Therefore, I go back to the main room. I see a girl, who looks like a high school freshman doing her homework quietly. A couple of blocks from her, there are group of blonde girls texting and talking in low voices and teenage girls checking their facebook and chatting about guys. We will write a custom essay sample on Observational Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In the main desk, area toward the right of the girls there is a frustrated woman who is trying to swipe the library card but perhaps her card is not working and is asking for help to a librarian. In the non-fiction book, area there is a short woman with brown hair, stacking up the books. Towards her left, there is a tall thin college looking girl arranging the books working a part time job to her college expenses. In the front of the library there are middle school kids waiting for their parents to pick them up. There is staircase next to the main door that leads to the computer room. I take glance over the computer room and it is packed with teens and adults. Some are doing homework while some are chatting in myspace and facebook. It seems like this library is always filled with people. From my observation, I see that some people come to library to study quietly and while others come to check facebook and myspace and it seems like library is a great hangout place for some kids.